# Launch Git GUI from repository
git gui

# Start with specific actions
git gui citool    # Commit tool only
git gui blame filename.txt    # Blame viewer

# From Windows Explorer (if configured)
# Right-click in repository folder → "Git GUI Here"

# Git GUI provides:
# - Visual diff viewer
# - Line-by-line staging
# - Commit message editor
# - Author information
# - GPG signing options

# Equivalent command-line operations:
git add -p filename.txt    # Interactive staging
git commit -m "message"    # Commit with message
git commit --amend         # Amend last commit

# Configure Git GUI settings
git config gui.fontui "Segoe UI 10"        # UI font
git config gui.fontdiff "Consolas 10"      # Diff font
git config gui.editor "code --wait"        # External editor
git config gui.historybrowser "gitk"       # History browser

# Spelling checker
git config gui.spellingdictionary "en_US"

# Default file encoding
git config gui.encoding "utf-8"

# Remember window geometry
git config gui.geometry "800x600+100+100"

# View all branches
gitk --all

# View specific branch
gitk main

# View specific files
gitk filename.txt

# View date range
gitk --since="2023-01-01" --until="2023-12-31"

# View author commits
gitk --author="John Doe"

# Combine options
gitk --all --since="1 month ago" --grep="fix"

# Custom views
gitk --all --remotes          # Include remote branches
gitk --tags                   # Show tags
gitk --left-right main...feature    # Compare branches

# Performance options
gitk --max-count=100          # Limit commits shown
gitk --simplify-by-decoration # Only show decorated commits

# Integration with other tools
gitk $(git rev-list --all)    # All reachable commits
gitk HEAD~10..HEAD           # Last 10 commits

# Gitk preferences (stored in ~/.gitk)
# Configure through Gitk → Edit → Preferences

# Command-line configuration
git config gitk.geometry "1200x800+200+100"
git config gitk.diffcolors "red,green,blue"
git config gitk.fontsize 12

# Windows
# Download from https://desktop.github.com/
# Or via package manager:
winget install GitHub.GitHubDesktop
choco install github-desktop

# macOS
brew install --cask github-desktop

# Linux (unofficial)
# Use AppImage or Flatpak versions

# GitHub Desktop equivalent operations:
git branch feature-branch          # Create branch
git checkout feature-branch        # Switch branch
git merge main                     # Merge branch
git push origin feature-branch     # Publish branch

# Pull Request integration
gh pr create --title "Feature" --body "Description"

# Configure external editor
# GitHub Desktop → File → Options → Integrations
# Set preferred editor (VS Code, Sublime, etc.)

# Configure shell integration
# Enables "Open in Terminal" functionality

# GitKraken supports complex workflows:
git rebase -i HEAD~5              # Interactive rebase
git cherry-pick commit-hash       # Cherry-pick commits
git worktree add ../hotfix main   # Multiple worktrees
git subtree push --prefix=docs origin gh-pages  # Subtree operations

// GitKraken preferences (conceptual JSON structure)
{
  "general": {
    "theme": "dark",
    "fontSize": 12,
    "defaultCloneLocation": "C:\\Projects"
  },
  "integrations": {
    "github": {
      "enabled": true,
      "token": "your-token"
    },
    "editor": "code",
    "terminal": "wt"
  },
  "git": {
    "defaultBranch": "main",
    "pullRebaseMode": "rebase",
    "pushDefault": "simple"
  }
}

# Windows/macOS
# Download from https://www.sourcetreeapp.com/

# Initial setup
# 1. Connect to Bitbucket/GitHub account
# 2. Configure Git settings
# 3. Set up SSH keys
# 4. Configure external tools

# Command-line equivalent setup
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"
git config --global init.defaultBranch main

# Git Flow in SourceTree vs command line
# SourceTree: Repository → Git Flow → Initialize

# Command line equivalent:
git flow init
git flow feature start new-feature
git flow feature finish new-feature

// VS Code settings.json for Git
{
  "git.enableSmartCommit": true,
  "git.confirmSync": false,
  "git.autofetch": true,
  "git.defaultCloneDirectory": "C:\\Projects",
  "git.openRepositoryInParentFolders": "always",
  "git.timeline.enabled": true,
  "git.timeline.showAuthor": true
}

# Install via VS Code marketplace or command palette
# Ctrl+Shift+P → Extensions: Install Extensions

# Popular Git extensions:
# - GitLens (Rich Git visualization)
# - Git Graph (Commit graph visualization)  
# - Git History (File history viewer)
# - GitHub Pull Requests and Issues
# - GitKraken Gitlens (Advanced Git features)

# VS Code keyboard shortcuts for Git:
# Ctrl+Shift+G - Open Source Control view
# Ctrl+Shift+P → Git: commands

# Stage files: Click + next to file or use Ctrl+Enter
# Commit: Type message and Ctrl+Enter
# Push: Ctrl+Shift+P → Git: Push
# Pull: Ctrl+Shift+P → Git: Pull

# Command palette Git commands:
# Git: Clone
# Git: Create Branch
# Git: Merge Branch
# Git: Rebase

# JetBrains shortcuts (IntelliJ keymap):
# Ctrl+K - Commit
# Ctrl+Shift+K - Push
# Ctrl+T - Pull/Update
# Alt+9 - Open VCS tool window
# Ctrl+Alt+Z - Rollback changes

# Advanced features:
# - Local History (independent of Git)
# - Shelf (similar to stash)
# - Partial commits (line-level staging)
# - Interactive rebase

# File → Settings → Version Control → Git
# Configure:
# - Path to Git executable
# - SSH executable
# - GPG executable for signing
# - Update method (merge/rebase)
# - Branch operations

# Fugitive.vim - Comprehensive Git integration
# Install with plugin manager (vim-plug example):
# Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'

# Basic Fugitive commands:
:Git add .                # Stage all files
:Git commit              # Commit (opens commit message buffer)
:Git push               # Push changes
:Git pull               # Pull changes
:Git status             # Show status
:Gdiffsplit             # Split diff view
:Gblame                 # Git blame
:Glog                   # Git log

# GitGutter - Show Git diff in gutter
# Plug 'airblade/vim-gitgutter'

# Gitsigns (Neovim) - Similar to GitGutter with more features
# use 'lewis6991/gitsigns.nvim'

-- init.lua configuration for Neovim Git integration
return {
  -- Gitsigns configuration
  {
    'lewis6991/gitsigns.nvim',
    config = function()
      require('gitsigns').setup({
        signs = {
          add = { text = '+' },
          change = { text = '~' },
          delete = { text = '_' },
          topdelete = { text = '‾' },
          changedelete = { text = '~' },
        },
        current_line_blame = true,
        current_line_blame_opts = {
          delay = 300,
        },
        on_attach = function(bufnr)
          local gs = package.loaded.gitsigns
          
          -- Keymaps
          vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>hs', gs.stage_hunk, { buffer = bufnr })
          vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>hr', gs.reset_hunk, { buffer = bufnr })
          vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>hS', gs.stage_buffer, { buffer = bufnr })
          vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>hu', gs.undo_stage_hunk, { buffer = bufnr })
        end
      })
    end
  },
  
  -- Fugitive
  {
    'tpope/vim-fugitive',
    cmd = { 'Git', 'Gdiff', 'Gstatus', 'Gblame', 'Glog' }
  }
}

# Windows
pip install git-cola

# macOS
brew install git-cola

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install git-cola

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S git-cola

# Launch
git-cola

# Git Cola provides visual interface for:
git add -p                  # Interactive staging
git commit --amend         # Amend commits
git rebase -i HEAD~5       # Interactive rebase
git cherry-pick hash       # Cherry-pick commits
git stash                  # Stash management

# Download from https://tortoisegit.org/
# Requires Git for Windows

# After installation, restart Windows Explorer
# Right-click context menu will include TortoiseGit options

# Initial setup wizard:
# 1. Configure user name and email
# 2. Set up SSH/authentication
# 3. Configure diff/merge tools

# TortoiseGit supports:
git bisect                 # Binary search for bugs
git reflog                 # Reference logs
git worktree              # Multiple working trees
git submodule             # Submodule management
git lfs                   # Large File Storage

# GitUp's visual operations equivalent to:
git rebase -i HEAD~5      # Interactive rebase via drag-drop
git cherry-pick hash      # Drag commits between branches  
git reset --hard hash     # Reset branch to commit
git reflog               # Undo operations through "snapshots"

# Simple operations (daily workflow):
# ✅ Built-in Git GUI, GitHub Desktop, VS Code
# ❌ Full-featured clients (GitKraken, SourceTree)

# Complex history visualization:
# ✅ GitKraken, SourceTree, Gitk
# ❌ Simple editors, basic GUIs

# Team collaboration:
# ✅ GitHub Desktop, GitKraken, IDE integrations
# ❌ Basic Git GUI, terminal-only tools

# Performance (large repositories):
# ✅ Command line, lightweight GUIs (Git Cola)
# ❌ Feature-heavy applications

# Learning/training:
# ✅ Visual tools with command preview
# ❌ Tools that hide Git concepts

#!/bin/bash
# hybrid-workflow.sh - Combine CLI and GUI tools

# Use CLI for automation and complex operations
git fetch --all --prune
git rebase main
git push --force-with-lease

# Launch GUI for visual operations
case "$1" in
    "diff")
        # Visual diff
        git difftool --dir-diff
        ;;
    "history")
        # History visualization  
        gitk --all &
        ;;
    "commit")
        # Visual commit tool
        git gui citool
        ;;
    "merge")
        # Merge conflict resolution
        git mergetool
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {diff|history|commit|merge}"
        ;;
esac

# Configure different tools for different operations
git config diff.tool vscode
git config difftool.vscode.cmd 'code --wait --diff $LOCAL $REMOTE'

git config merge.tool kraken  
git config mergetool.kraken.cmd 'gitkraken --merge $BASE $LOCAL $REMOTE $MERGED'

git config gui.tool sourcetree
git config alias.visual '!sourcetree'

# Create aliases for quick GUI access
git config alias.k '!gitk --all --date-order'
git config alias.g '!git gui'
git config alias.dt 'difftool --dir-diff'

# Development team tool recommendations:

# Primary development:
# - VS Code with GitLens extension
# - or JetBrains IDE with built-in Git

# Code review and collaboration:
# - GitHub Desktop or GitKraken
# - Web-based tools (GitHub, GitLab)

# Complex operations:
# - Command line for automation
# - gitk for history visualization
# - Specialized merge tools

# Documentation:
# Create team guidelines script
#!/bin/bash
# team-git-setup.sh
echo "Setting up recommended Git tools..."

# Install GitHub Desktop
if command -v winget &> /dev/null; then
    winget install GitHub.GitHubDesktop
fi

# Configure VS Code Git settings
code --install-extension eamodio.gitlens
code --install-extension mhutchie.git-graph

# Set up Git aliases
git config --global alias.lg "log --oneline --graph --decorate --all"
git config --global alias.s "status -s"
git config --global alias.visual "!gitk"

# Large repository performance
git config core.preloadindex true
git config core.fscache true
git config gc.auto 256

# Reduce GUI memory usage
git config gui.maxfilesdisplayed 1000
git config gitk.maxfiles 1000

# Optimize Git operations
git gc --aggressive
git repack -ad

# SSH key problems
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your.email@example.com"
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
ssh -T git@github.com

# Credential manager issues (Windows)
git config --global credential.helper manager-core
# Or remove and re-add credentials:
git credential-manager-core erase

# Token authentication
git config --global credential.helper store
# Enter token when prompted for password

# Git GUI font issues (Windows)
git config gui.fontui "Segoe UI 9"
git config gui.fontdiff "Consolas 9"

# GitKraken licensing/connection issues
# Check internet connection and firewall settings
# Update to latest version
# Clear application cache

# VS Code Git not working
code --disable-extensions
# Re-enable Git extension if needed

# Configure Beyond Compare
git config --global diff.tool bc
git config --global difftool.bc.path "C:/Program Files/Beyond Compare 4/BComp.exe"
git config --global merge.tool bc
git config --global mergetool.bc.path "C:/Program Files/Beyond Compare 4/BComp.exe"

# Configure P4Merge
git config --global merge.tool p4merge
git config --global mergetool.p4merge.cmd 'p4merge $BASE $LOCAL $REMOTE $MERGED'
git config --global difftool.p4merge.cmd 'p4merge $LOCAL $REMOTE'

# Configure Meld (Linux/macOS)
git config --global diff.tool meld
git config --global merge.tool meld

# Use configured tools
git difftool HEAD~1 HEAD
git mergetool

#!/bin/bash
# gui-launcher.sh - Smart GUI tool launcher

REPO_SIZE=$(du -sh .git | cut -f1)
COMMIT_COUNT=$(git rev-list --count HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo "0")

echo "Repository Analysis:"
echo "Size: $REPO_SIZE"
echo "Commits: $COMMIT_COUNT"

# Choose appropriate tool based on repository characteristics
if [[ $COMMIT_COUNT -gt 10000 ]]; then
    echo "Large repository detected. Using lightweight tools..."
    gitk --max-count=1000 &
elif command -v gitkraken &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Launching GitKraken..."
    gitkraken . &
elif command -v github &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Launching GitHub Desktop..."
    github .
else
    echo "Using built-in Git GUI..."
    git gui &
fi

# Secure GUI tool usage
# 1. Keep tools updated
# 2. Use SSH keys instead of passwords
# 3. Enable two-factor authentication
# 4. Be cautious with credential storage

# Audit stored credentials
git config --list | grep credential
# Check credential managers
git credential-manager-core list

# Use environment variables for sensitive operations
export GIT_SSH_COMMAND="ssh -i ~/.ssh/deploy_key"